How we score

Advertised cashback is a marketing number. We compute true yield: what lands back per $100 spent after the card's own costs.

true = cbBase − spendFee − (fx × abroadShare) − (annualFee ÷ annualSpend × 100)

Inputs

cbBase — cashback with no staking, subscription or tier.
spendFee — per-purchase fee, taken off cashback.
fx — foreign-exchange markup, applied to your abroad share.
annualFee — card cost spread over your annual spend.

Data

Card terms come from issuer-published fee schedules and public card datasets, snapshotted and versioned. Terms change — check the issuer before applying.